Cov Tsev Neeg Loj Loj thiab Lawv Coj Li Cas
Ntoo pw
Hardwood thiab preservative- kho softwood sleepers tseem nqa ib tug loj feem ntawm lub teeb-rail, vaj, sab thiab qis dua -chav kawm ntawv loj- kab khiav. Lawv yog elastic, uas softens dynamic cuam tshuam, thiab lub teeb txaus los tuav nrog me me crews. Tus qauv -gauge hardwood sleeper feem ntau hnyav 70-100 kg. Kev lag luam tawm- tawm yog kev puas tsuaj lom lom: nrog kev kho kom zoo, lub neej kev pab cuam ib txwm yog 15-30 xyoo, thiab ntsuas kev tuav pov hwm tsis muaj zog dua li ntawm cov pob zeb, yog li re-spiking thiab rov ua dua tshiab yog luv dua. Cov ntoo pw tsaug zog tau teev nyob rau hauv cov qauv xws li EN 13145 hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab AREMA Phau Ntawv Qhia rau Railway Engineering hauv North America.
Prestressed qhob pw tsaug zog
Niaj hnub nimno pob zeb pw tsaug zog yuav luag ib txwm prestressed monoblock units. Lawv hnyav - feem ntau 250-320 kg rau ib tug pw tsaug zog ntawm tus qauv ntsuas - uas ua rau lawv zoo heev tiv thaiv uplift, buckling thiab gauge kis. Lub neej ua haujlwm zoo li 40-50 xyoo. Qhov nruj ntawm cov pob zeb kuj tseem yog nws qhov kev tsim qauv tseem ceeb: tsis muaj elastic rail pads thiab resilient fastenings, cuam tshuam loads ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub sleeper thiab ballast. Pob zeb pw tsaug zog yog tsim los rau EN 13230 hauv Europe, thiab fastenings rau lawv yog kev ua tau zoo{11}} kuaj raws li EN 13481-2.
Steel pw tsaug zog
Nias steel pw tsaug zog yog muaj nyob rau hauv mining, lub teeb rail, industrial sidings thiab ib co hnyav -haul txoj kev. Lawv yog cov teeb (feem ntau 60-90 kg ib tug pw tsaug zog), muaj zog thiab dimensionally zoo ib yam. Ob lub zog tswj hwm lawv tus qauv: steel ua hluav taws xob, yog li cov khoom siv insulated thiab cov phaj hauv qab yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv txhua qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob; thiab steel corrodes, yog li txheej, tshuaj xyuas thiab kho yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev npaj kho. Cov kev pab cuam lub neej yog 30-40 xyoo nrog kev tiv thaiv kom raug.
Composite thiab hluavtaws sleepers
Composite sleepers - cov yas rov ua dua tshiab, fiber ntau- cov khoom siv ua npuas ncauj lossis cov roj hmab sib xyaw ua ke - yog ib qho chaw loj hlob rau ib puag ncig corrosive, kev hloov chaw thiab cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Lawv cov tshuab fastening feem ntau yog engineered rau ib qhov project, feem ntau sivntsia hlau spikesrau hauv ua ntej-moulded qhov lossis lub hom phiaj- ua cov ntxig, vim tias cov khoom yog softer dua ntoo thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua -spiked dua. Kho cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom raws li qhov project- tshwj xeeb es tsis yog raws li kev lag luam.
Sleeper Type Sib piv ntawm ib nrais muag
| Hom pw tsaug zog | Qhov hnyav (standard gauge) | Hom kev pab cuam lub neej | Striffness / elasticity | Main fastening txoj kev | Tej kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ntoo | 70-100 kg | 15-30 xyoo nrog preservative kho | Elastic - zoo damping | Aub spikes (txiav spikes) los yog ntsia hlau spikes tsav ncaj qha; khi daim hlau kis tau tus mob | Lub teeb rail, yards, sidings, qis - ceev cov kab loj |
| Prestressed pob zeb | 250-320 kg | 40-50 xyoo | Nyuaj heev - xav tau cov ntaub qhwv elastic | Screw spikes rau hauv ua ntej - lub tes tsho embedded + elastic clips + rail pads | Siab- nrawm, hnyav- tsheb thauj mus los thiab feem ntau lub ntsiab - kab tsheb khiav |
| Hlau | 60-90 kg | 30-40 xyoo nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion | Nyuaj tab sis sib dua li pob zeb | Screw spikes / bolts nrog insulating bushes thiab insulated baseplates | Mining, lub teeb rail, industrial sidings, signaled seem (nrog rwb thaiv tsev) |
| Composite | Qhov project- tshwj xeeb | Qhov project- tshwj xeeb (cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom) | Varies nrog compound | Screw spikes rau hauv pre-moulded qhov los yog kev cai inserts | Corrosive ib puag ncig, kev hloov chaw, cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb |
Yuav ua li cas Sleeper Material dictates txoj kev Fastening
Ntoo sleepers - tsav fastenings
Ntawm cov ntoo, lub fastening yog txhais los yog hammered rau hauv lub sleeper. Dog spikes (txiav spikes) yog rauj-tsav thiab pheej yig rau nruab; ntsia hlau spikes yog tig mus rau hauv ua ntej- tho qhov pilot qhov thiab tuav zoo dua tiv thaiv tawm tsam. Ib txoj hlua khi nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau kis tau cov kabmob siab kom tus ntsia hlau tsis tsoo cov ntoo. Lub ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog yog kev saib xyuas: ntoo so, spikes ua haujlwm xoob, thiab tib lub qhov tsuas tuaj yeem rov ua dua - siv ob peb zaug ua ntej tus neeg pw tsaug zog xav tau hloov lossis rov ua dua - tho txawv.
Qhob pw tsaug zog - ntsia hlau spikes rau hauv pre- lub tes tsho embedded
Lub pob zeb tsis tuaj yeem lees txais cov pob txha uas tau tsav, thiab kev khawb tom qab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txiav cov pob txha prestressing. Tias yog vim li cas cov pob zeb pw tsaug zog tau nrum nrog lub tes tsho threaded lossis ntxig - yas dowels lossis steel inserts - ntawm lub rooj zaum rail. Cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau yog torqued rau hauv lub tes tsho, thiab lub tes tsho hloov lub clamping quab yuam mus rau lub cev pw tsaug zog. Elastic clips thiab rail pads ua kom tiav cov kab ke: lub clip tuav lub tsheb ciav hlau ko taw nrog cov ntiv taw tswj, thiab lub ncoo damps vibration thiab txwv kev sib cuag. Fastening system manufacturers feem ntau qhia kom nruj torque nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 150-200 N·m rau ntsia hlau spikes nyob rau hauv xws li systems; ib txwm ua raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xaiv fastening system.
Steel sleepers - fastening nrog rwb thaiv tsev
Steel sleepers feem ntau tuaj nrog punched qhov los yog welded lugs rau fastening. Qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv yog hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev: insulating bushes, insulating pads thiab, nyob qhov twg xav tau, ib tug insulated baseplate ua txhaum txoj kev ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab pw tsaug zog ces khiav circuits ua hauj lwm. Screw spikes thiab bolts yog siv ua ke nrog cov khoom siv insulating no. Tsis txhob mount ib tug liab qab hlau fastener ncaj qha mus rau ib tug steel pw tsaug zog ntawm ib tug signaled kab.
Xaiv Txoj Cai Sleeper-Fastening Combination
Kev xaiv yog kev lag luam, tsis yog daim ntawv qhia. Ua haujlwm los ntawm cov xwm txheej no hauv kev txiav txim:
Kab kawm thiab ceev- siab- ceev thiab thauj khoom hnyav xav tau cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog nrog elastic fastenings rau ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev saib xyuas qis.
Qag load- pob zeb thiab steel tuav siab qag loads zoo; ntoo yog ib txwm txwv rau cov tsheb sib zog.
Taug qab circuitry thiab electrification- yog tias cov kab tau teeb tsa nrog cov kab hluav taws xob, cov neeg pw tsaug zog steel xav tau kev rwb thaiv tsev tiav; ntoo thiab pob zeb tsis ua.
Ballast thiab tsim- qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob zeb pw tsaug zog xav tau lub suab ballast thiab kom zoo tamping; ntoo yog ntau zam txim rau cov tsis muaj zog formations.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig- cov av noo thiab kab ua rau lub neej luv luv; corrosion tawm tsam steel; pob zeb feem ntau yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws.
Kev tu muaj peev xwm- ntoo xav tau ntau zaus re-spiking thiab txuas ntxiv; pob zeb xav tau mechanized tamping tab sis tsawg heev fastening upkeep.
Cov khoom siv hauv zos thiab tus nqi- qhov twg cov ntoo tawv tawv los yog cov ntoo kho tau pheej yig thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm, cov ntoo tseem sib tw rau cov kab teeb.
Lub ntsiab lus pib: xaiv cov pob zeb rau cov kab tseem ceeb uas nqa cov neeg caij tsheb tsis tu ncua lossis cov tsheb thauj khoom hnyav, thiab khaws cov ntoo lossis hlau rau lub teeb rail, yards, ib ntus khiav thiab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd xaiv lub kaw lus fastening uas phim tus neeg pw tsaug zog - tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev.
FAQ
Q1. Cov dev spikes puas tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm pob zeb pw?
Tsis yog. Pob zeb yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab nkig rau rauj-tsav spikes, thiab tom qab- nrum drilling txaus ntshai txiav cov leeg prestressing. Cov neeg pw tsaug zog siv cov ntsia hlau spikes threaded rau hauv lub tes tsho uas tau kos thaum lub sij hawm casting.
Q2. Vim li cas cov neeg pw tsaug zog xav tau elastic rail pads thiab clips?
Qhob yog tawv. Yog tsis muaj elastic ncoo ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab pw tsaug zog, cuam tshuam cov loads ncaj nraim mus rau hauv lub sleeper thiab ballast, tawg lub sleeper thiab degrading lub tsim. Elastic clips thiab pads rov qab ua kom muaj zog uas ntoo ib txwm muab.
Q3. Puas yog steel sleepers haum rau cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov teeb liab?
Yog lawm, tab sis tsuas yog nrog insulated fastenings - insulating bushes, pads thiab baseplates - yog li txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau - mus rau - txoj kev pw tsaug zog yog tawg thiab khiav circuits tsis luv.
Q4. Hom pw tsaug zog twg ntev tshaj plaws?
Feem ntau prestressed pob zeb, ntawm 40-50 xyoo, ua raws li steel ntawm 30-40 xyoo thiab kho ntoo ntawm 15-30 xyoo. Cov nuj nqis tiag nyob ntawm kev thauj khoom, ib puag ncig thiab kev saib xyuas zoo.
Q5. Kuv yuav tsum xaiv li cas ntawm ntoo thiab pob zeb pw tsaug zog?
Sib piv cov chav kawm, qag load, ceev, ballast mob, huab cua, hluav taws xob thiab koj lub peev xwm tu. Hauv luv luv: pob zeb rau kev xav tau cov kab tseem ceeb, ntoo lossis hlau rau lub teeb rail, yards thiab khiav ib ntus.
