Hlau rails, tseem hu ua railroad rails, feem ntau yog siv rau railway lem nyob rau hauv lub tsheb thauj mus los. Lawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, muab txoj hauv kev ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov rau cov neeg caij tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb ciav hlau thauj khoom, thiab siab - kev tsheb ciav hlau ceev lossis subways.
Dab tsi yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm Txoj Kev Tsheb Ciav Hlau tuaj yeem txhawb nqa?
Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tuaj yeem txhawb nqa nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog hom kev taug qab, qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev, kev tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov neeg pw tsaug zog, thiab lub hauv paus hauv paus. Nov yog qee qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb txog qhov hnyav ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau:
Track Classification:Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau raug cais raws li lawv qhov hnyav -cov kabmob muaj peev xwm. Cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm txawv ntawm lub teb chaws, tab sis nws feem ntau suav nrog cov chav kawm xws li Class A, Class B, Class C, thiab lwm yam. Txhua chav kawm sawv cev rau qhov muaj peev xwm hnyav, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho.
Rail Hom:Hom ntawmtsheb ciav hlausiv nyob rau hauv tus khiav cuam tshuam nws lub peev xwm hnyav. Rail profiles tuaj nyob rau hauv cov duab sib txawv thiab ntau thiab tsawg, xws li tiaj tus- cov kab hauv qab, bullhead rails, thiab vignole rails. Cov tsheb ciav hlau no yog ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thauj -cov kabmob muaj peev xwm. Qhov hnyav dua thiab ruaj khov rail profiles feem ntau tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov hnyav dua.
Sleepers los yog Ties:Cov pw tsaug zog, tseem hu ua kev sib raug zoo, yog cov kab kab rov tav uas txhawb nqa txoj hlua thiab faib cov khoom thauj. Hom kev pw tsaug zog siv, xws li ntoo, pob zeb, lossis hlau, cuam tshuam rau kev taug qab qhov hnyav. Cov neeg pw tsaug zog feem ntau muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntau dua piv rau cov ntoo pw.
Ballast:Lub ballast yog txheej ntawm cov pob zeb crushed los yog gravel muab tso rau hauv qab cov neeg pw tsaug zog kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab tso dej. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev faib cov khoom thauj los ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau mus rau lub hauv paus hauv paus. Zoo-compacted thiab tswj kom zoo ballast txhim kho txoj kev taug qab qhov hnyav- bearing peev.
Foundation:Lub zog thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tsim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa hnyav. Lub hauv paus feem ntau muaj cov av compacted lossis lwm yam khoom xws li pob zeb. Lub peev xwm ntawm lub hauv paus los tiv thaiv cov load yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li av zoo, compaction, thiab kua dej.
Axle Load:Lub peev xwm hnyav ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau feem ntau tau hais nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai qag load. Axle load yog hais txog qhov hnyav uas tau los ntawm ib lub log qag ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau. Cov kev faib tawm sib txawv muaj cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws qag load lawv tuaj yeem haum. Qhov no yuav pab xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau raug faib sib npaug ntawm txoj kev.
Kev kho thiab tshuaj xyuas:Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev tshuaj xyuas yog qhov tseem ceeb los saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev taug thiab xyuas kom nws qhov hnyav -cov kabmob muaj peev xwm. Kev tshuaj xyuas muaj xws li kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag, hnav thiab tsim kua muag, thiab saib xyuas kev sib tw khiav. Kev saib xyuas kom zoo pab txheeb xyuas thiab daws cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txoj kev muaj peev xwm los txhawb nqa hnyav.
Dynamic Loads:Ntxiv nrog rau kev thauj khoom zoo li qub, kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsum tiv taus cov khoom hnyav uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav tsheb ciav hlau. Dynamic loads yog cov quab yuam tawm ntawm txoj kev vim lub tsheb ciav hlau qhov hnyav, ceev, thiab acceleration. Txoj kev taug yuav tsum tau tsim thiab tswj xyuas kom tswj tau cov kev ua haujlwm zoo no kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Engineering Standards:Railway lem yog tsim raws li engineering qauv thiab cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau txhua lub teb chaws los yog cheeb tsam. Cov qauv no txhais cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv, kev tsim kho, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov lem tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov kev cia siab.
Tshwj xeeb Tracks:Qee qhov kev tsheb ciav hlau tau tsim los txhawb nqa hnyav hnyav. Piv txwv li, lem siv rau kev thauj khoom hnyav lossis siab - tsheb ciav hlau ceev tau ua kom hnyav dua - cov kabmob muaj peev xwm. Cov kev tsheb ciav hlau tshwj xeeb no suav nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau muaj zog dua, cov neeg pw tsaug zog ntxiv, thiab cov hauv paus muaj zog kom haum rau cov khoom hnyav dua thiab nrawm dua.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov hnyav ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tsis yog tus nqi ruaj khov tab sis yog qhov ntau raws li ntau yam. Kev ntsuam xyuas engineering, kev suav, thiab kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias txoj kev taug kev tseem nyob hauv nws qhov kev tso cai qhov hnyav thiab tswj cov qauv kev nyab xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tsheb ciav hlau.
Hom steel rail feem ntau muab faib los ntawm qhov hnyav. Piv txwv li, peb feem ntau hais 50kg tsheb ciav hlau, uas txhais tau tias cov tsheb ciav hlau nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 50kg / m, thiab lwm yam. Muaj 38kg rails, 43kg rails, 50kg rails, 60kg rails, 75kg rails, thiab lwm yam. Kuj tseem muaj 24kg rails thiab 18kg rails, ntawm cov rails ntawm 43 rails thiab saum toj no yog feem ntau hu ua hnyav rails, txwv tsis pub, steel 3 rails hnyav li hauv qab no 4 kg. Muaj ib hom kev tsheb ciav hlau tshwj xeeb uas hu uacrane rail. Crane rail yog siv rau crane railway.
| Kev faib tawm | Qhov siab (mm) | Lub taub hau (mm) | Hauv qab (mm) | Thickness (mm) | Qhov hnyav (kg / m) | |
| Lub Teeb Rail | 8 KG / M | 65 | 25 | 54 | 7 | 8.42 |
| 9 KG / M | 63.5 | 32.1 | 63.5 | 5.9 | 8.94 | |
| 12 KG / M | 69.85 | 38.1 | 69.85 | 7.54 | 12.2 | |
| 15 KG / M | 79.37 | 42.86 | 79.37 | 8.33 | 15.2 | |
| 18 KG / M | 80 | 40 | 80 | 10 | 18.06 | |
| 22 KG / M | 93.66 | 50.8 | 93.66 | 10.72 | 22.3 | |
| 24 KG / M | 107 | 51 | 90 | 10.9 | 24.46 | |
| 30 KG / M | 107.95 | 60.33 | 107.95 | 12.3 | 30.1 | |
| Heavy Rail | 38 KG / M | 134 | 68 | 114 | 13 | 38.733 |
| 43 KG / M | 140 | 70 | 114 | 14.5 | 44.653 | |
| 45 KG / M | 145 | 67 | 126 | 14.5 | 45.546 | |
| 50 KG / M | 152 | 70 | 132 | 15.5 | 51.514 | |
| 60 KG / M | 176 | 73 | 150 | 16.5 | 60.64 | |
| Crane Rail | qw 70 | 120 | 70 | 120 | 28 | 52.8 |
| qw 80 | 130 | 80 | 130 | 32 | 63.69 | |
| QU 100 | 150 | 100 | 150 | 38 | 88.96 | |
| qw 120 | 170 | 120 | 170 | 44 | 118.1 | |
